来 (來) lái

  1. lái verb to come
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: An intransitive verb indicating motion towards the speaker. For example, 你回来啦! 'You have come back!' (Lao She, 2003, p. 176) 来 is used in this sense in both modern and literary Chinese (Kroll 2015 '來' 2). 来 is the 11th most frequently used word in the Beijing Language Institute's 1985 frequency wordlist (Ho 2002, '来' 1; Kroll 2015 '來' 2, pp. 250-251; NCCED '来' 1).
  2. lái particle indicates an approximate quantity
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Quantity
    Notes: (NCCED '来' 助2)
  3. lái verb please
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: (Ho 2002, '来' 3)
  4. lái verb used to substitute for another verb
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: (NCCED '来' 5; Ho 2002, '来' 2)
  5. lái verb used between two word groups to express purpose and effect
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Spoken Language
    Notes: (Kroll 2015 '來' 4, pp. 250-251; NCCED '来' 9)
  6. lái particle ever since
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In this sense, 来 is used after a time expression (Kroll 2015 '來' 3a, pp. 250-251; NCCED '来' 3). For example, 几十年来 'n the last few years.' (VOA, 2015-07-25) This sense is also used in literary Chinese (Kroll 2015 '來' 4).
  7. lái noun wheat
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: (Kroll 2015 '來' 1, pp. 250-251)
  8. lái adjective next; future
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 以来 (Kroll 2015 '來' 3, pp. 250-251; NCCED '来' 1). For example, 来日绮窗前 'In future days in front of the carved window ...' (Wang Wei, Lines in Complete Tang Poems, Scroll 118)
  9. lái verb a simple complement of direction
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: 来 is used in this sense after a verb or verb phrase to indicate movement towards the speaker (NCCED '来' 5). For example, 一出来 'as soon as he came out ...' (Lao She, 2003, p. 260)
  10. lái verb to occur; to arise
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: (Kroll 2015 '來' 2a, pp. 250-251; NCCED '来' 4)
  11. lái verb to earn
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: (NCCED '来' 11)
  12. lái verb to come; āgata
    Domain: Buddhism 佛教
    Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: āgata, or: āgacchati, Tibetan: 'ong (BCSD '来', p. 126; Mahāvyutpatti 'āgacchati'; MW 'āgata')

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